Fibe-alarm system



s. B. Hiss. l mmf; De.14,1920. "RE ^,L^,M,SYS" I 15,005.

APPLlcATmN man ncnzl. 1920.

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/N VEN TOR.

S. B. HESS.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM.y

Reissued Dec. 14, 1920.

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4 I s. B. Hris. Reissuea De. 414,1920. "RE MRM SYSTEM" 15,005.

APPLICATION FILED OCT..2I, 1920,

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[NVEN TOR.

S. B. HESS.

Reissued Dec. 14 1920 I FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. 15,005.

L1 )f5 v A 15 S.B. HESS. Reissued D96. 14 1920. rmE ALARM SYSTEM. I.15,005.

lAPPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. T920 SHEETS-SHEE 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFF-ics.

SIMON B. nasser .rei/rarer.,v NEW YORK.

Fran-ALARM SYSTEM.

Specification of Reissned Letters Patent. Rgissued De@ 14 192() OriginalNo. 1,351,514, dated August 31, 1920, Serial No. 164,152, 1ed Apri1 24,1917. Application `for reissue filed October 21, 1920. Serial No.418,606.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that l, SrMoN B. Hnss, a citizenof the United States, residing at Jamaica, in the county of Queens andState of New York, have invented certain ne7 and useful Improvements invFire-Alarm Systems, of which the following is afspecification.

The system disclosed by this invention is particularly adapted forutilization as an alarm system for protecting, say, from fire,iocalif/led territory, factorybuildings and the like.

Systems of this class are designed primarily to provide means forsoundingr an alarm or a plurality of alarms upon the occurrence of apredetermined circumstance; for example, an alarm or a plurality ofalarms, of fire, sent from any one of a plurality of stations andgivingv warning signals at one desired point or at a plurality ofdesired points in a building orV the like, so as to warn the occupantsof the existence of a fire to the end that they may make escape, or forthe purpose of training the occupants of the building as to the mostexpeditious means of making their exit in case vof fire or othercatastrophe, or for the purpose of calling a ire brigade to quarters,&c.

In locations where suitable direct current electric service isavailable, energy for the operation of the alarm system may be obtainedtherefrom.

In locations where the electric service furnishes alternating currentthe system may be supervised with direct current and the signalingreceiving devices operated with alternating current. f

It is an object of this invention to provide an improved system whereintwo bell loops may be supervised in series and operated in multiple. l

It is another object to provide such a system wherein two or more loopsmay be supervised in series and operated in multiple without reversingthe direction of current flow in any loop.

It is another object to provide a supervised trouble signal circuit.

It is another object of this invention to provide distinctive troublesignals arranged to be received on a single receiving device to indicatespecific faults as they occur.

It is another object to provide a system that may be supervised with anextremely low, value lof current, and hence may be economically operatedwith battery current.

ltL is' another object to provide a system 'i wherein the different bellloops may be Vsupervised from one source of energy and operated fromanother source of energy.

Objects and aims of this invention-more orv less broad than those statedabove, together with its inherent advantages, will be in part obviousand in part specically referred to in the course of the following-description of the elementacombinations of means, arrangements ofparts, and applications of principles constituting this invention, andthe scope of protection contemplated will appear from theclaims. Iattain these objects and aims in the present embodiment by means of thecircuits, devices, apparatus, resistances and sources of current supplyillustrated in the` accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as apart of these specifications, and constitute adiagrammatic disclosure ofthe said embodiment,

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 3 show applications of thisinvention to a systemhaving one bell loop only; Figs. 2.7 4c and showapplications of this invention to a system having two bell Aloops; Fig.6 shows an application of this invention to. a system in which energyfor the operation of the alarm is obtained from `is connected betweencontact studs 18 and 19. Electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are provided withcores 26 and 27 respectively, adjacent to which armature 25 is mounted.Armature 25 has attached thereto the contact pieces 21 and 22, adaptedto make contact with contact studs 18 and 19 respectively., Armature 25also carries the insulating piece 35 which is adapted to engage contactspring 33 and hold it away from contact spring 29. When armature .25 isin its retracted position contact pieces 21 and 22 are adapted to engagewith contact studs 18 and 19, contact springs 29 and 33 being inengagement with each other. When armature 25 is in its attractedposition, insulating piece 35 holds contact sprin 33 away from contactspring 29. A. trouble bell and battery may be connected to contactsprings 29 and 33, as shown in Fig. 3 and F i0. 7. A signaling stationis diagrammatically wheel 49 arranged to operate the signaling levers47, 48. Another similar statioh is indicated by the rectangle 50. 60represents a single stroke bell.

Under normal conditions electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its attracted position, the following closed circuitbeing established from f right hand terminal of source 11h to conductor59 of the bell loop, the bells 60 in series, conductor 46 of the bellloop, flexible connection 22", contact piece 22, armature 2 5, contactpiece 21, flexible connection 2lb, conductor 38 of the station loop,signaling levers 47 and 48, station 50, conductor 45 of the stationloop, electromagnet coil 43, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 42,conductor 41, to left hand terminal of source 11S, through source l1s tocontact stud 18, resistance 56, contact stud 19, to left hand terminalof source 11". The winding of coils 42 and 43 is so related to that ofthe magnets of the bells 60 that the current passing through the circuitjust described is sufficient to cause armature 25 to be moved to itsattracted position, while the bell magnets are unable even to retaintheir armatures in attracted position. l/Vhile coils 42 and 43 arethemselves of comparatively high resistance, resistance 56 in seriestherewith assists in securin a minimum value for the normal current gowafter armature 25 has been moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 49 tooperate its signaling levers 47and 48 and the consequent breaking of thenormal closed circuit, armature 25 will be retracted, establishing thefollowing two circuits; (l) from right hand terminal of source 11b toconductor 59 of the bell loop, the bells 60 in series, conductor 46 ofthe bell loop, flexible connection 22h, contact piece 22, contact stud19, to left hand terminal of source 11"; from right hand terminal ofsource 11s to contact stud 18, contact piece 21, eXible connection 2l",conductor 38 of the station loop, to signaling lever 47 of the operatedstation, to signaling lever 48 thereat (now open here), conductor 45 ofthe station loop, electromagnet coil 43, conductor 42a, electromagnetcoil 42, conductor 4l, to left hand terminal of source 115.

represented by the break-- It will be seen that in circuit (1) the bellloop is now connected to the terminals of the source of energy 11b withno intervening resistance except that of the line conductors. The bellmagnets are so constructed and arranged and the number of cells insource 11b is so taken that the bell magnet armatures are noweffectively attracted to sound a stroke of the signal. lVhen circuit (2)is closed by signaling levers 4'? and 48, source 11s acts uponelectromagnet coils 42 and 43, and armature 25 is attracted andrestablishes the normal closed circuit. Ilpon further movement ofbreakwheel 49 this operation will be repeated, every interruption of thecircuit at the signaling' levers 4'? and 48 causing the sounding of` astroke of the alarm upon the bells 60. The trouble bell will, of course,be operated upon the closure of contact springs 29 and 33. It will alsobe seen that resistance 56 is shortcircuited through Contact stud 18,Contact piece 21, armature 25, contact piece 22, to contact stud 19.

In case of a break in the station loop, armature 25 will be retracted,causing a single stroke upon the bells 60. In the case of a break in thebell loop, the armature 25 will move to its retracted position, but theclosing of circuit (2) from contact stud 18 to contact piece 21 willcause armature 25 to be moved toward its attracted position, and avibrating action will be set up.

Referring next to Fig. 3, 11b and 11s resent two sources of energy,connected to contact studs 18 and 19 and resistance 56, electromagnetcoil 42, and conductor 59 of the bell loop in F ig. 1. In addition tocontact pieces 21 and 22 and insulating piece 35, armature 25 hasattached thereto the contact end 36 which is adapted to engage and makecontact with Contact spring 34 and hold it away from contact spring 30.l/Vhen armature 25 is in its retracted position contact spring 30 isadapted to engage and make contact with contact spring 34 and hold itaway from Contact end 36. A trouble bell 52 is arranged to be operatedby trouble battery 54 when contact spring 33 touches contact spring 29.

Under normal conditions electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its attracted position, the lfollowing closedcircuit being established z-from lower terminal of source 11b tojunction 12, conductor 59 of the bell loop, the bells 60 in series,conductor 46 of the bell loop, flexible connection 22h, contact piece22, armature 25, contact end 36, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of thestation loop, station 50, signaling levers 48 and 47, conductor 45 ofthe station loop, electromagnet coil 43, conductor 42a, electromagnetcoil 42, conductor 41, to upper terminal of source 11S, through source11s to repcontact stud 18, resistance 56, Contact stud 19,`

to upper terminal of source 11b. The wind ing of coils 42 and 43 is sorelated to that of the magnets of the bells 60 that the current passingthrough the circuit just described is sufficient lto causearmature 25 tobe moved to its attracted position, while the bell mag nets are unableeven to retain their arma tures in attracted position. lhile coils 42and 43 are themselves of comparativelv high resistance, resistance 56 inseries therewith assists in securing a minimum value for the normalcurrent flow after armature 25 has been moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 49 tooperate its signaling levers 47 and 48, and the consequent breakingotthe normal closed circuit, armature 25 Will be retracted, establishingthe following three circuits; (1)v from junction 12 along conductor 59of the bell loop,- the bells 60 in series, conductor 46 of the bellloop, iiexible connection 22", contact. piece 22, contact stud 19, toupper terminal of source 11b, (2) from junction 12, along conductor 40,contact spring 30, con tact spring 34, conductor 38 of the station loop,kto signaling lever 48 of the operated station, to signaling lever 47thereat (now open here), conductor 45 of the station loop, electromagnetcoil 43,.conductor 422, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 41, to upperterminal of source 11S, through source 11s to contact stud 18, contactpiece 21, armature 25, contact piece 22 (thus shortcircuiting resistance56), to circuit (1), and thence to upper terminal of source 11b; (3)from right hand terminal of trouble battery 54, through conductor 53,trouble bell 52,'conductor 28, contact spring 29, contact spring 33,conductor 37, to left hand terminal of battery 54.

It will be seen that in circuit (1) the bell loop is now connected tothe terminals of the source of energy 11b With no intervening resistanceexcept that of the line conl duttors.v The bell magnets are soconstructed and arranged and the number of cells in source 11b is sotaken that the bell magnet armatures are now effectively attracted tosound a stroke of the signal. AThe closing of circuit (3) causes theringing of the trouble bell, which continues as long as the armature 25remains retracted. 'lVhen circuit (2) is closed by signaling levers 47and 48, the total voltage of sources 11s and 1lb acting in series isavailable to cause electromagnet coils 42 and 43 to attract armature 25and reestablish the normal closed circuit. In case of trouble, thesystem illustrated in Fig. 3 will operate similarly to the systemillustrated in F ig. 1. j

Referring now to Fig.j'2, 11? and 11,s vrepresent two'sources of energy,one terminal of source llb being connected to contact stud 19 and theother terminal being connected to contact stud 18.- Source 11s is soconnected inseries between resistance 56 and conductor 41 that itsvoltage is normally added to that of source 1'1". Contact piece 21 ismounted .uponl lthe armature 25, being insulated therefrom by theinsulating piece 21a. The ends Ot' one bell loop are represented byconductors 46 and 59, while the ends o1E another'bell loop arerepresented lby conductors 461 and 62. rIhe bell 60EL is of theAshunting type and is diagrammatically the bells` 60 in series,conductor 62 ot' the lirst bell loop, junction 57, resistance 56,junction 55, to right hand terminal of source 11s through source 11S toconductor 41, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42, electromagnet coil43, conductor 45 of the station loop, signalng levers 47 and 48, station50, conductor 38 of the station loop, contact spring 34, contact end 36,armature 25, Contact piece 22, flexible connection 22h, conductor 46 ofthe second bell loop, bell .coil 63, armature 65, contact 67, conductor59 of the-second bell loop, contact stud '18, to left hand terminal ofsource 11b. The winding of coils 42 and 43 is so related to that of themagnets ot' the bells 60 and 60a that the current passing through thecircuit just described is suflicient to cause armature 25 to be moved toits attracted position, While the bell magnets are unable even to retaintheir armatures in attracted pbsition. While coils 42 and 43 are Ithemselves of comparatively high resistance, resistance 56 in seriestherewith assists in securing a minimum value for the normal currentflow after armature 25 has been moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its brealrwheel 49to operate its signaling levers 47 and 48 and the consequent breaking ofthe normal closed circuit, armature 25 will be retracted, establishingthe following lthree circuits; `(1) from contact stud 19, to conductor61 of the lirst bell loop, the bells 60 in series, conductor 62 ot' thefirst bell loop, junction 57, conductor 39, flexible connection 21,contact piece 21, to contact stud 18; (2) from contact stud 19', tocontact piece 22, flexible connection 22", conductor 46 of the secondbell loop, bell coil 63, armature 65, contact 67, conductor 59 of thesecond bell loop, t0 contact stud 18; from left hand terminal 0f source11s, to conductor 41, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42a,electromagnet coil 43, conductor 45 of the station loop, to signalinglever 47 of the operated station, to signaling lever 48 thereat (nowopen here), conductor 38 of the station loop, contact spring 34, contactspring 30, conductor 40, junctlon 55 t0 right hand terminal of source11S.

It will be seen that in circuits (1) and (2) the bell loops are each nowconnected to the terminal of the source of energy 11b with nointervening resistance except that of the line conductors. The bellmagnets are so constructed and arranged and the number of' cells in`source 11b is so taken that the armatures of the bells 60 are noweffectively attrac-ted to sound a stroke of the signal. The coil 63 ofbell 60a moves armature 65, removing the short from coil 64 and shortcircuiting coil 63, a vibrating action being set up and causing acontinuous ring as long as circuit (2) is closed. When circuit (3) isclosed by signaling levers 47 and 48, source 11E acts upon electromagnetcoils 42 and 43 and armature is attracted and reestablishes the normalclosed circuit. Upon further movement of breakwheel 49 this operationwill be repeated, every interruption of the circuit at the signalinglevers 47 and 48 causing the sounding of a stroke of the alarm upon thebells 60 and a ring upon the bell 60a.

The usual trouble bell and battery may be connected to contact springs29 and 33, or bell 60a may be used as a trouble bell. In this event, itwill be seen that the trouble bell is included in the normal closedcircuit and hence is kept continually under test.

In case of a break in the station loop, armature 25 will be retracted,causing a single stroke upon the bells 60 and continuous ringing of thebell 60a. In case of a break in the first bell loop, the armature 25will move to its retracted position, but the closing of circuit fromcontact spring 34 to contact spring 30 will cause armature 25 to bemoved toward its attracted position, thus causing an interrupted ringingof bell 60a. In case of a break in the second bell loop, the samevibrating action will cause a Succession of strokes upon the bells 60.Upon observing the details of the two bell loop circuits V(1) and (2),it will be noted that circuit (1) is closed from contact piece 21 tocontact stud 18, while circuit (2) is closed from contact stud 19 tocontact piece 22, hence the absence of .the spark between either 18 and21, or 19 and 22, will indicate which of the bell loops (1) or (2) isbroken, in case of the occurrence of this vibrating action.

Referring next to Fig. 4, 11h and 11' represent two sources of energy,one terminal of source 11b being connected to contact stud 19 and theother terminal being connected to contact stud 18. Source 11S is soconnected in series between contact stud 19 and conductor 41 that'itsvoltage is normally added to that of source 11b. Contact pieces 21 and22 are both insulated from armature 25, as shown, Insulating pieces and35EL are adapted to hold contact springs 33 and 34 away from theircoperating contact springs 29 and 30 when armature 25 is in itsattracted position.

Under 'normal conditions electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its attracted position, the Yfollowing closedcircuit being established from right hand terminal of source 11b tocontact stud 19, to right hand terminal of source 11s, through source11S, conductor 41, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42a, electromagnet'coil 43, conductor 45 of the station loop, signaling levers 47 and 48,station 50', conductor 38 ofthe station loop, conductor 62 of the firstbell loop, the bells in series therein, conductor 61 of the first bellloop, conductor 46 of the second bell loop, the bells 60 in seriestherein, conductor 59 of the second bell loop, conductor 39, resistance56, conductor 40, contact stud 18, to left hand terminal of source 11b.The winding of coils 42 and 43 is so related to that of the magnets ofthe bells 60 that the current passing through the circuit just describedis sufficient to cause armature 25 to be moved to its attractedposition, while the bell mag.- nets' are unable even -to retain theirarma` tures in attracted position. While coils 42 and 43 are themselvesof comparatively high resistance, resistance 56, in series therewithassists in securin a minimum value for the normal current ow afterarmature 25 has been moved to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 49 tooperate its signaling levers 47 and 48 and the consequent breaking ofthe normal closed circuit, armature 25. will be retracted, establishingthe following three circuits: (1) from contact stud 19, to contact piece22, lieXible connection 22h, conductor 61 of the first bell loop, thebells 60 in series therein, conductor 62 of the first bell loop,flexible connection 21h, contact piece 21, to contact stud 18; (2) fromcontact stud 19, to contact piece 22, flexible connection 22h, conductor46 of the second bell loop, the bells 60 in series therein, conductor 59of the second bell loop, contact spring 34, contact spring 30, conductor40, to contact stud 18; from contact stud 19, through source 11s,conductor 41, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil43, conductor 45 of the ystation loop, to signaling lever 4^.'

of the operated station, to signaling lever 48 thereat (novv open here),conductor 38v of the station loop, liexible connection 21h, contactpiece 21, to contact stud 18.

It will be seen that in circuits (l) and (2) the bell loops are each nowconnected to the terminals of the source of energy 11b with nointervening resistance exceptk that of the line conductors. The bellmagnets are so constructed and arranged and the number of cells insource 1110 is so ,taken that the armatures oi' the bells 60 are noweiectively attracted to sound a stroke of the signal. Then circuit isclosed by signaling levers 47 and 48, the total voltage of sources 11Sand 11b acting Vin series is available to cause electromagnet coils 42and 43 to attract armature 25 and reestablish the nor mal closedcircuit. It Will also be seen that resistance 56 is shortcircuitedthrough contact spring 30, contact spring 34, .and conductor 39. Theusual trouble bell may be connected to contact springs 29 and 33, or abell of the type.sho\vn in Fig. 2 may be connected in either bell loop.

1n case of trouble, the system illustrated in Fig. 4 will operatesimilarly to the system illustrated in Fig. 2.

Referring now to F ig. 5, the source of energy 11 is shown as agenerator, one terminal of Which is connected to contact stud 18, andthe other terminal of which is connected to junction 13. Junction 1'3 isconnected to ground 15. Connecting piece 35h is so supported uponarmature 25 by means oiI the two insulating pieces 35 and 35a that itconnects contact springs 33 and 34vvhen armature 25 is attracted,andbears a contact lug adapted to make connections with contact stud 35cWhen armature 25 is retracted. lJVhen armature 25 is in' its retractedposition contact springs 29 and' 3,() are adapted vtoengage and makecontact with i contact springs 33 and 34 respectively and hold them awayfrom connecting piece 35h.

Under normal conditions electromagnet/ coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its attracted position, the following closed circuitbeing established :-from right hand terminal of source 11 to contactstud 18, conductor 40, junction 57, conductor 59 of the irst bell loop,the bells 60 in series therein,conductor 46 of the first bell. loop,junction 5v5, conductor 44, resistance 56, conductor 30, conductor 6 2of the second bell loop, the bells GO in series there-v in, conductor 61of the second bell loop, contact spring 33, connecting piece 35h,contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the station loop, stations 50,signaling levers 48 and 47, conductor 45' of the station loop,electromagnet coil 43, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 42, conductor41, junction `13, to left hand terminal of source 11.

The Winding.

of coils 42 and 43 is so related to that of 65 lthe magnets of thebells'() that the current passing through the circuit just described issutlicient to cause armature 25 to be moved to its attracted position,While the bell magnets are unable even to retain their armatures inattracted position. Vhile coils 42 and 43 are themselves ofcomparatively higlrresistance, resistance 56 in series there'- Withassists in securing a minimum value for the normal current flow afterarmature 25 has been moved'to attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 49 tooperate its signaling levers 47 and 48 and the consequent breaking ofthe normal closed circuit, armature 25 Will be retracted, establishingthe following four circuits; (1) from contact stud 18, contact piece 21,flexible connection 21h, conductor 30, resistance 56, conductor 44,junction 55, conductor 39, flexible connection 22h, contact piece 22,contact stud 19,. conductor 16, to junction 13; (2) from contact stud18, conductor 40, junction 57, conductor 59 of the rst bell loop, thebells 60 in series therein, conductor 46 of the lirst bell loop,vtojunction y55, Where this circuit joins circuit (1); from contact stud18, contact piece 21, flexible connection 2lb, conductor 62 oil thesecond bell loop, the bells 60 in series therein, conductor 61 of thesecond bell loop, contact spring 33, contact spring 29, conductor 28, tocontact stud 19, Where this circuit joins circuits (1) and (2); (4) fromcontact stud 18, conductor 40, junction 57, resistance 58, contactspring 30, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the station loop, tosignaling lever 48 ofthe operated station, to signaling lever 47 thereat(now open here), conductor 45 of the station loop, electromagnet coil43, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 41, to junction 13.The usual trouble bell and battery may be connected to connecting piece35 J and contact stud 35c to give an indication Whenl ever armature 25is retracted. v1t Will be seen that in circuits (2) and (3) the bellloops are now connected to the terminals of the source of energy 11Awith' no intervening resistance except that ofthel line conductors.`lThe bell magnets are so constructed kand arranged thaty their airma--tures are now eil'ectively vattracted tosou-nd astroke of the signal.When circuit (4) "is' closed by signaling levers 47 and 48, armature 25is attracted and restablishes' 'the normal closed circuit. l ;k In caseof a break in the station loop armature 25 Will be retracted, causing 'asingle stroke upon the bells 60 in both loops and continuous ringing ofthe trouble bell. In the case of a break in either bell loop or in theloop containingv the resistance 56,tl1e

I i armature 25 willy move toward its retracted position, closing thecircuit of the trouble bell, and' also closing circuit A(4) from contactspring 30 to contact spring 34. As a result of this closing of circuit(4), a vibrating action -will be set un resulting in a succession ofstrokes on the bells 60 in either or both bell loops.

In case of a ground on any part of the station loop, electromagnet coils42 and 43 will be shunted, causing a single stroke upon the bells 60 inboth bell loopsand continuous ringing of the trouble bell. y

VIn case of a ground upon the first bell loop, electromagnet coils 42and 43 will be shunted, and armature 25 will move toward its retractedposition. Vhen thel armature has moved so far that connecting piece'35bis no longer in contact with Contact springs 33 and 34, the followingcircuits are formed (5) from junction 57,l through conductor 59 of thefirst bell loop, the bells 60 therein to the ground on the bell loop,ground 15, to junction 13,-and (6) from junction 57, through resistance58, contact spring 30, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the stationloop, -conductor of the station loop, electromagnet coil 43, conductor42a, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 41, to junction 13. The resistanceof the circuit (5) will cause a suiiicient How of current through thecircuit (6) including the electromagnet coils 43 and 42 to prevent thearmature from being retracted far enough to close the bell circuits (2)andy (3).

In case of a ground upon the second bell loop, a corresponding actiontakes place, circuit (5) extending from junction 57, through conductor59 of the first bell loop, the bells therein., conductor 46 of the firstbell loop, junction 55, conductor 44, resistance 56, conductor 62 of thesecond bell loop, the bells 60 therein to the ground on the bell loop,ground 15, to junction 13.

Upon comparing Fig. 4 with Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, it will be seen that inFig. 4 the direction of current How in one bell loop, conductors 61 and62, is reversed vfor every stroke of the signal, while in Fig. 2 andFig. 5 the current flow in both bell loops is always in the samedirection. An obvious advantage of this fiXity of direction of currentlies in the fact thatthe pointers of current indicating instrumentsinserted in the bell loops would all swing in the same direction on each.stroke of the signal.

Referring to Fig. 6, the alternating current source of energy 11b isindicated as a trarstormer, one terminal of the secondary winding ofwhich is connected to contact stud 18, the other terminal beingconnected to contact stud 19. The direct current source of energy 11shas one terminal connected to conductor 40 and the other terminal tojunction 13. Junction 13 is grounded at 15. Contact pieces 21 and 22 andtheir associated contact ends 36a. and 36 are insulated rom varmature 25as shown. When armature 25 is in its retracted position contact spring30 is adapted lto engage and make contact with contact spring 34 andhold it away from contact end 36. At the Sametime contact end 36a is outof contact with contactspring 33. Trouble bell 52 is connected betweencontact stud 19 and contact piece 21. d

Under normal conditions electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its attracted position, the following closed circuitbeing established from lower terminal of source 11s to conductor 40,contact spring 33, contact end 36, contact piece 21, flexible connection21h, conductorv 59 of the` bell loop, bells 60 in series therein,conductor 46 of the bell loop, ilexible connection 22h, contact piece22, contact end 36, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the station loop,signaling levers 48 and 47, station 50, conductor 45 of the stationloop, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 43,conductor 41, junction 13 to upper terminal of source 11S. The windingof coils 42 and 43 is so related to that of the magnets of the bells 60that the current passing through the circuit just described issufficient to cause armature 25 to be moved to its fully attractedposition, while the bell magnets are unable even to retain theirarmatures in attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its breakwheel 49 tooperate its signaling levers 47 and 48 and the consequent breaking ofthe normal closed circuit, armature 25 will be retracted, establishingthe following three circuits 1 (1) from right handterminal of source11b, to contact stud 18, contact piece 21, flexible connecvtion 21h,conducto-r 59 of the bell loop, the

bells 6() in series therein, conductor 46 of the bell loop, eXibleconnection22", contact piece 22, contact stud 19, to left hand terminalof source 11b;'(2) from contact piece 21,

to flexible connection 21, conductor 28, trou' ble bell 52, conductor53, to contact stud 19; (3) from lower terminal of source 11E, toconductor 40, contact spring 30, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of thestation `loop to signaling lever 48 of the operated station, tosignaling lever 47 thereat (now open here), conductor 45 of the stationloop, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 43,conductor 41, junction 13 to upper terminal of source 11S.

Tt will be seen that in circuit (1) the bell loop is now connected tothe terminals of the alternating current source of energy 11b with nointervening resistance except that of the line conducto-rs., The bellmagnates iny are so constructed and arranged that their armatures arenow effectively attracted tov sound a stroke of the signal. The closingof circuit (2) causes the ringing of the troublebell, which continues aslong as the armature remains in retracted position. lVhen circuit isclosed by signaling levers 47 and 48, armature 25 is attracted andrestablishes the normal closed circuit.

In the case of a break or a. ground in the station loop, armature'25will be retracted, causing a single stroke upon the bells 60 andcontinuous ringing of the trouble bell 52. In the case of abreak in thebell loop, the armature 25 will move toward its retracted position,closing circuit (3) from contact spring to Contact spring 34. Asa'result of this closing oit circuit (3) armature 25 will be movedtoward its attracted position, and a vibrating action will be set up. Inthe case of a gro-und in the bell loop., the armature 25 will movetoward its retracted position, closing circuit from contact spring 3()to contact spring 34, and opening circuit between contact'ends 36L and36 and contact springs 33 and 34. As a result of this closing andopening of circuits,v armature 25 will be moved toward its attractedposition, and a vibrating action, of lower frequency than in case of abreak, will be set up.

Referring to Fig. 7, the source ot energy 11 is represented as a directcurr-ent gene` rator, one terminal of which is connected to junction 12,and the other' terminal of which is connected to junction 13. Junction13 is connected by conductor 51 to junction 14 and thence to ground 15.26 and 27 of electrom'agnet coils"i42 and 43 extend through insulatingpiece EX- tending back from the front edge ot this insulatingpiece aretwo recesses, the contact springs 33 and 34 being `mounted on piece 32above thesel recesses. Contact springs 29 and 30 are so'm'ounted onpiece 32 below the recesses as to be capableof engagement with contactsprings and` 34, respectively.; Armature 25 has attached thereto the'insulating piece 23. This insulating piece and insulating piece 24snpport the contact studs 21 and 22. Contact stud 21 extends towardcontact spring 33, being provided with an insulating piece adapted toabut against contact spring` 33. Contact stud 22 extends toward contactspring 34, being provided with a contact end 36 adapted to abut againstcontact spring 34. "When armature 25 is in its fully retra.l tedposition contact studs 21 and 22 are adapted to engage with contactAsprings 1S and 19, respectively, mounted on the insulating piece 20.When armature 25 is in its intermediate operative position (as shown inthe drawing), insulating piece 35 Cores' touching contact spring 29, andcontact end 36 touches Contact spring 34, which is also touchingcontactspring 30. When armature 25 is in its fully attracted positioninsulating piece holds contact spring 33 away from contact spring 29,and contact end 36 holds contact spring 34 away from contact spring 30.Trouble bell 52 is arranged to be operated by trouble battery 54 whencontact spring 33 touches contact springy 29. j

Under normal conditions electromagnet coils 42 and 43 are energized tohold armature 25 in its fully attracted position, the following closedcircuit being established from right hand terminal of source 11 toAjunction 12, conductor 40, junction 57, resistance56, junction 55,conductor 59 ol the bell loop, the bells 66 in series, conducto: 46 ofthe bell loop, llexible connection 22h, Contact stud 22, contact end 36,Contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the station loop. signaling levers 47and 48, stations 50, conductor of the station loop, electromagnet coil43, conductor 42, electromagnet coll 42, conductor 41, junction 13, toleft hand terminal of source 11. The winding of coils 42 and 43 is sorelated to that of the magnets of the bells that the current passingthrough tbe circuit just described is su'flicient to cause armature 25to be moved. to its fully attracted position, while the bell magnets areunable even to retain their armatures in. attracted position. lVhilecoils 42 and 43 are themselves of comparatively high resistance,resistance 56 in series therewith assists in securing a minimum valuefor the normalv current flow after armature 25 has' been moved to itsfully attracted position.

Upon the pulling of any station and the movement of its brealwheel49 tooperate its signaling levers' 47 and'` 48 and vthe consequent breakingof thenormal closed circuit,` armature 25' will be retracted, estallishin'g they following three circuits; (l) `from junction" 12, throughconductor 17 contact spring 18, contact stud 21, flexible connection21", conductor 39, to junction 55 (thus short'circuiting resistance 56),conductor 59'01: the bell. loop, the-bells 60 in series, conductor 46 ofthe bell loop, flexible connection 22h, contact stud 22,` contactspring19, conductor 16, junction 14, conductor 51, to junction 13; (2') fromjunction 12, through conductor 40, junction 57, resistance 58, conductor44, contact spring 30, contact spring 34, conductor 38 of the stationloop, to signaling lever 47 of the operated station, to signaling lever48 thereat (now open here), conductor 45 of the station loop,elecytron'iagnet coil 43, conductor 42a, electroinagnet coil 42,conductor 4.1, to junction 13; from right hand terminal" of troublebatteryy 545,1 through conductor '53, `trouble bell 52, conductor 28,contact spring 29,' contact spring 33, conductor 37, to left handterminal of battery 54.

n win be een that in Circuit (i) the ben' armature 25 is attracted andrestablishes the normal closed circuit.

In case of a break in the station loop armature 25 will be fullyretracted, causing a single strokeupon the bells 60 and continuousringing of the trouble bell 52. In the case of a break in the bell loop,the armature 25 will move toward its retracted position, closing thecircuit of the trouble bell 52, and also closing circuit (2) fromcontact spring 30 to contact spring 34. As a result of this closing ofcircuit (2), armature 25 will be moved toward its fully attractedposition, and a vibrating action will be setup, resulting in aninterrupted ringing of the trouble bell.

In case of a ground on any part of 'the station loop, electromagnetcoils 42 and 43 will be shunted, causing a single stroke upon the bells60 and continuous ringing of the trouble bell 52.

In case of a ground upon the bell loop, electromagnet coils 42 and 43will be shunted, and armature 25 will move to its intermediate operativeposition, closing the circuit of the trouble bell 52. When in thisposition the following circuits are formed :-VW (4) from junction 57,through resistance 5G, junction 55, conductor 59 of the bell loop, bells60 to the ground on the bell loop, ground 15, junction 14, conductor 5l,to junction 13,- (5) from junction 57, through resistance 58, conductor44, contact spring 30, to contact spring 34, where the circuit dividesinto*(5a) from contact spring 34, to contact end 36, contact stud 22,flexible connection 22h, conductor 46 of the bell loop tothe ground,then joining path (4), to ground 15, junction 14, conductor 51, tojunction 13,-and (5b) from contact spring 34, to conductor 38 of thestation loop, con-- ductor 45 of the station loop, electromagnet coil43,I conductor 42a, electromagnet coil 42, conductor 41, to junction 13.The resistance of the circuit (5a) will cause a sufficient flow ofcurrent through the circuit (5b) including the electromagnet coils 43and 42 to retain armature 25 in this intermediate operative position. Asresistance 56 is 1ncluded in circuit (4), it is evident that the groundmight occur even at the first bell 60 without there being anypossibility of such flow of current as might cause injury to anyapparatus.

Inasmuch as many changes could be made in the above construction, andmany' apparently widely different embodiments of my invention could bemade without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that allmatter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanyingdrawings shall be interpreted as illustrative, and not in a limitingsense. y

It is also to be understood that the language used in the followingclaims is intended to cover all the generic and speciiic features of theinvention 'herein described and all statements of the scope of theinvention which, as a matter of language` might be said to falltherebetween.

Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis 1. An electric signaling system comprising a bell loop, a stationloop, two sources of energy, and means controlled by said station loopin one condition thereof for connecting each loop to a separate one ofsaid sources and in another condition of said station loop forconnecting both loops in series.

2. An electric signaling system comprising a bell loop, a station loop,two sources of energy, and means controlled byv said station loop in onecondition thereof for connecting one of said loops to one of saidsources and the other loop to the other of said sources and in another'condition of said station loop for connecting both loops in series.

3. An electric signaling system comprising a bell loop, a station loop,two sources of energy, and means controlled by said station loop in onecondition thereof for connecting each loop to a separate one of saidsources and in another condition'of saidstation loop for connecting bothloops and both sources 1n series.

4. An electric signaling system comprising a bell loop, a station loop,and a trouble signal loop, and means controlled by said station loop inone condition thereof forconnecting two of said'loops in parallel and inanother condition of said station loop for connecting all of saidloops-in series.

5. An electric signaling system comprising a bell loop, a station loop,two sources of energy, and means controlled by said station loop vin onecondition thereof for connecting each loop to a separate one of saidsources and in another condition of said station loop for connectingboth loops in series to one at least of said sources.

6. An electric signaling system comprising two bell loops, a stationloop, a source of energy, and means controlled by said station loop inone condition thereof for` connecting said loops in series with eachdenergization thereoffor first closing the 10 other and in anothercondition of said sta-' circuit of said trouble signal and connecttionloop for Connecting said loops in paring the station loop directly tothe source of allel with each other without reversing the energy, andthereafter connecting the bell 5 current through any of said loops. loopdirectly to the source of energy.

7. In an electric signaling system, a bell Signed at New York, in thecounty of 15 loop, a station loop with an electromagnet New York andState of New York, this therein, a source of energy, a trouble Signal,23rd day-of April, A. D. 1917 and means controlled by said magnet upon YSIMON' B. HESS.

